Different kinds of Genealogy Outings

Sometimes, genealogy is done behind a computer. The wonderful world of online research has grown tremendously and continues to grow each day. However, there is still a lot to be found out and about. And it is not just archives that we should be visiting! Therefore, my list of eight different kinds of genealogy outings we should be adding to our toolbox.


1. Visiting an archive or repository

The most obvious type of research trip would be the one to an archive or other kind of repository, like a courthouse or church if the records are still being kept here. This is where genealogists go to access original sources (and sometimes copies). It is always a good idea to explore what type of archives and repositories are available at the local and regional level. Don’t forget about the National Archive and specialist repositories.

As an example, for my research into Salomon Mulder I can access records at the local level at Erfgoed Leiden, records at the province and national level at the National Archive, and records at the Nederlands Instituut voor Militarie History (known as the NIHM, the Dutch Institute of Military History). On top of that, because he moved around a lot, there are various other local archives and the province archives for those places (when they are not in the same province as Leiden). Because he lived through World War Two as a member of the military, I can also find information at the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, which holds original records like diaries from World War Two as well as many published materials. It might not be about my ancestor specifically, but it certainly contains a lot of information I can use for historical context and to help me find more records that are about Salomon.


2. Visiting a genealogical society or local history society

Genealogical societies, while sometimes grouped with archives and repositories due to the records they can hold, often times have records – or copies of records – that archives don’t have. Examples are the CBG (Centraal Bureau voor Genealogie, the Central Bureau of Genealogy), a national organization that holds some unqiue collections and family archives, and the Jan van Hout Society, which is a local historical society of Leiden which has published some really interesting and usueful things for genealogists. That is one of the reasons I mention them separately from the more common archives and repositories mentiond above.

However, the main reason I mention them separately is because they hold a treasure trove of information often overlooked in the form of their staff and volunteers. These indicviduals often have a lot of knowledge about the local history, people and sources, and are often very enthusiastic about sharing their expertise with interested individuals. So I thought it was worth mentioning them separately.

3. Visiting a library

While archives, repositories, and societies often have some form of library with published works, don’t overlook traditional libraries. Local libraries often have a collection of books about the town or city, while national libraries offer a diverse selection of books, historic magazines, and historic newspapers. Some of these are even digitized and accesible on sites such as Delpher, but don;t forget not everything they have is digitized! Then, last but not least, are the university libraries. They house unique collections that could contain information about your ancestors. For example, the Radboud University in Nijmegen has a Catholic Documentation Centre, which could be valuable for researching a missionary ancestor, for instance.

4. Visiting a Cemetery

Visiting a cemetery is more common in some countries then in others. In the Netherlands it is often not worth it because many graves, including headstones, have been removed. However, there are some exceptions. For instance, one cemetery where several of my collateral line ancestors are buried has been declared ‘historical’, meaning no new internments are accepted and no graves are cleared. So I can actually find some historical ancestral headstones there.

5. Visiting a historical site or ancestral location

Actually visiting a location that an ancestor visited is a very special feeling to me. It could be the actual house they lived in – if it is still standing and not changed too much – or it could be a church or major landmark they would have visited or seen. I love doing this, especially when I get to the stage of writing up my research. It breathes life into an ancestor for me and I think it allows me to write better, more immersive biographies as a result.

6. Visiting a museum

Thematic museums can be very useful for research, providing not just background information and historical context but also clues to sources you might not have known existed. Many museums are also research facilities, housing highly specialized books and magazines that you might be able to use for your research. Additionally, knowledgable staff members are often willing to answer your questions. Though do be aware they are not a look-up service and there time is very limited. They also won’t have information about specific ancestor unless they were famous.

Examples of museums that could informative and useful for my own research is the Nationaal Onderwijsmuseum (National Education msueum), for the teachers in my family tree, and the Museum van de Vrouw (the Museum of the Woman), which is about women and currently has an exposition about Women and Crime.

7. Visiting a genealogy conference or lecture

Genealogy conferences, especially large ones like RootsTech, are usually held abroad for me, and with me many other people. This can cause them to be prohibitively expensive to attend in person (though I do use any free online content when available). However, smaller genealogy conferences or lectures in my own country are often very affordable or even free, and I highly recommended attending them. In-person conferences offer the opportunity for interaction with other attendees, a valuable experience which cannot be replicated online. While often online chats for questions are available during digital lectures, in-person conferences facilitate spontaneous conversations during breaks and meals. It is these conversations I find tincredibly valuable.

Additionally, smaller genealogical and historical societies may host niche lectures relevant to my specific research interests, such as an ancestors’ area of living, profession, or neighbours. Many of these lectures are not available online. Missing out on these goldmines of information would be a shame.

8. Visiting family

Visiting family and talking about family stories is something we often forget to do. However, these stories are disappearing with each passing generation. Now is the time to ask and record them. It doesn’t have to be a formal interview. Simply visiting grandma and jotting down the stories she shares is enough. These stories give details you cannot find in written documents, showing how life was back then, and provide clues for research you may not have considered.

Biographical Sketch: Joseph Knura

Biographical sketches are a way for me to share information on my research without waiting for it to be ‘finished’. As such, they are a work in progress and will be updated with new information.
Several details in this biographical sketch are still only family stories or come from secondary sources. Please beware of possible errors.

Last update: 12 May 2024

Joseph Knura was born on 1 August 1879 in Syrinka in the parish of Rogau (Polish: Rogów), Kreis Ratibor, which is in the region Schlesien.1,2 This would now be in current Poland. In his marriage certificate, the place of birth is named as Bluschczau, Kolonie Syrinka. Bluschczau is the Standesambt (where civil registrations took place) for Syrinka.3,5,6

His parents are Johann Knura and Franziska Psotta.1,3 His father’s profession is listed as ‘Gärtnerauszügler’, a type of farmer/gardener.3

Joseph married Sofia Zbieszczyk on 19 June 1904 in Pschow, also in Schlesien.3 Joseph is listed as living in “Kolonie Syrinka” at the time of his wedding, the same place he was born.1,3

He is a miner at the time of his marriage in 1904, which confirms family stories that he was a miner.3,4 Family stories also say this was because there wasn’t enough land to give to all the children to farm and mining was the only other option. Also, those same family stories say he and his family migrated to the area around Essen, Germany in order to have enough work. They did migrate there, as my grandfather was born in that region, as were most of his siblings, and according the family stories he kept working in the mines there. Good sources still need to be found to corroborate all the details of this, but so far nothing I have found disagrees with this.

Joseph is listed as being catholic in both his birth certificate as well as his marriage certificate.1,3 He raised his children in the catholic faith as well.4

Currently, it is not known when he died.

Sources

  1. Birth certificate, Civil registration office of Rogau, birth register number 50/79; official extract, Rogau, 9 October 1942; scanned copy in the possesion of J.M. Transcription/Translation by Marc Jarzebowski Berlin, 2014 January 18th.
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silesia
  3. Marriage certificate, Civil registration office of Pschow, marriage register number 17/1904 official extract, Pschow, 19 October 1942; scanned copy in the possesion of J.M. Transcription/Translation by Marc Jarzebowski Berlin, 2014 January 18th.
  4. Family stories handed down to J.M.
  5. https://www.meyersgaz.org/place/20920041
  6. https://www.meyersgaz.org/place/20611066

Dusting off My Research

I imagine we all have times in our lives in which we don’t pick up our research much, or at all, for whatever reason. For me the past two years have been like this. Coming back to genealogy is fun and I would love to dive straight back into my research. However, it is also a bit daunting. Picking up research you haven’t touched for a while means figuring out where you were when you put it down.

Housewife with cleaning attributes in the 1950s.

Coming back to my own research, it’s a good time to take stock of where I was and what I want to prioritize. Luckily, I had already started using a documenting system combining Elizabeth Shown Mills’ research report style1 with Yvette Hoitinks Level Up Challenge2. For her level 2: vital data, I have one research report with my findings per person in Elizabeth Shown Mills’ style. For her level 3: residences, I have one research report. Level 4, which has multiple topics, I also have multiple reports for different topics. Since each level builds off of the one below it, my research usually moves consecutively through the levels. Therefore, the reports by level are usually also consecutive in regards to when I did my research. At the end of each report, if I hadn’t finished it yet, I put down where I left off and what my next steps were going to be. Even if it was finished (for now, is anything ever really finished in genealogy?), I always left a to do list at the end. This to do list was based on clues I’d found, improvements I wanted to make, or interesting historical context I thought would be valuable to have.

This type of reports made it very easy to see for me where I left off. Which levels did I complete already for an ancestor? Where was I going with this? On top of that, if I find clues or pieces of information during my research in a source that is for a different topic or ancestor than the one I am currently working on, I would just put a note of that in the appropriate document with source citation and move on. So I have some really good starting points already for continuing my research.

As to what I am actually going to pick up, for the rest of the year I’m going to give my Mulder research my focus right now, interspersed with some quick biographical sketches of my great-grandparents using solely low-hanging fruit. I also plan to do some research trips over the summer to various depositories that have been on my list for a while.

Sources

1. Elizabeth Shown Mills, “QuickLesson 20: Research Reports for Research Success,” Evidence Explained: Historical Analysis, Citation & Source Usage (https://www.evidenceexplained.com/content/quicklesson-20-research-reports-research-success : posted 23 May 2015).
2. Yvette Hoitink, “Six Levels of Ancestral Profiles – Level-up Challenge!”, Dutch Genealogy (https://www.dutchgenealogy.nl/six-levels-ancestral-profiles/ : posted 22 January 2021).

Picture credit: Noske, J.D. / Anefo, Fotocollectie Elsevier, “Een huisvrouw, tijdens de grote schoonmaak toont al haar “gereedschappen” [A housewife, during ‘spring cleaning’ shows all of her “tools”]”, 6 March 1952, Nationaal Archief, http://hdl.handle.net/10648/adf95474-d0b4-102d-bcf8-003048976d84 (accessed 11 May 2024), CC0 license.

Looking Ahead to 2022: Year of Family Connections

Looking ahead to this new year is not just something I do for fun (though it is that as well), but also to make plans and set some goals that can help keep me on track for the coming year. WikiTree has chosen to make 2022 the Year of Family Connections (read more about their plans here), and I love that theme. As such, I have decided to adopt it for my own genealogical plans and goals this year as well.

WikiTree

The first big place where this comes into play is, of course, WikiTree itself. There will be three Connect-a-thons and a Source-a-thon. I was a member during the last Source-a-thon and had a blast improving Dutch profiles by sourcing them. For this first Connect-a-thon, I will be focusing on my own family tree on the Friday and the Saturday of the ‘thon, adding family members from (until now) unsourced trees that I got from various family members. I will check the connections, source them, and add them during the coming January Connect-a-thon. The Sunday will be for working on Dutch profiles that are unconnected (as in, not connected to the ‘main’ tree) that are not my own relatives to help the Dutch Roots project.

Speaking of the Dutch Roots project, I plan to help out there as well. I’d like to carve out time each month to work on Dutch profiles, hand-in-hand with my Profile Improvement Project membership. I will try to clean-up, source and improve a few Dutch profiles a month.

Level-Up Challenge

I will continue my level-up challenge again this year. I’ve been working on my great-grandmother Adriana Versloot and her ancestors, and my generation 3 online research is almost done. The plan is to research generation 4 as well and then switch to Adriana’s husband Salmon Mulder and his ancestors, where I will try to research up to generation 4 as well.

Archive Visits

I hope to be able to visit some archives in the coming year. Specifically, those archives I need to complete some of the research for my level-up challenge, as there’s several ancestors ‘stuck’ on their level due to the limitations of online research. High up on my list of archives to visit is the Streekarchief Midden-Holland, not just because it holds a lot of records I need for my level-up challenge, but also because it is the archive for Moerkapelle. Why is that place important? Keep reading to find out!

OPS Moerkapelle

Back in October, behind the screens, I started (tentatively) with my One Place Study of Moerkapelle, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands. It was mostly planning what I was going to do and figuring out how to do it that took up my time in October, then nothing much was done until these Christmas holidays. But the project is finally officially off the ground and today my website for the project launched. Go check it out here!

Between my day job and my time spend on my own genealogy, I do not foresee this project being a quick growing one. However, steady wins the race. I plan to work on this for a few hours a week, deliberately blocking out time for it on a weekend afternoon.

All in all, there’s plenty of exciting things to come in 2022 in the genealogy area.

Year in Review

The past year has unfortunately been mostly a continuation of the pandemic interrupting daily life – sometimes more, sometimes less. Considering the continued situation regarding Covid-19 affects every part of life, it is no wonder that once again, my genealogical journey in 2021 was affected by it as well. At the beginning of the year, I did not set any firm goals, considering the pandemic was still going strong. I had some vague ideas of what I wanted to do, but in general my plan was to do what I could, when I could. That worked out well, as I did not feel pressured when the world and my personal life demanded flexibility. All in all, I managed to do quite a bit of genealogy this year and I am happy with what I managed to accomplish.

WikiTree

One of the best things I did this year was to join WikiTree (see this post for more information). This collaborative genealogy website has given a new impulse to my genealogical research. It’s a good way to share my research in a different way than here on my blog. The people on there are a huge help whenever I get stuck on something. The events and different focus groups help to keep my momentum going and improve on the things I do, like writing biographies, blogging, and connecting new ancestors to my tree. At the same time, I help out by working on profiles of people that are not my ancestors, because a better collaborative tree is good for everyone.

Level-Up Challenge

An idea from Yvette Hoitink, the level-up challenge basically assigns a level from 0-6 to each ancestor to show how far your research on that ancestor is (see this post for more details). I focused on my great-grandmother Adriana Versloot and her ancestors using digital resources (considering the restrictions). It’s enormously helpful in keeping me on track, systematically researching and documenting things, while just noting down and then leaving the genealogical rabbit holes for another time. It’s amazing what this has done for my research efficiency.

I am on generation 3 with the research right now, and will finish that generation in the first week of January. While the levels themselves aren’t actually all that far (no one above a level 3 and most stuck on level 2), I do actually have a lot of information even on the higher levels. Sometimes the difference between level 2 or 6 is simply a missing population register that is only available in real life.

Biographical Sketches

One of the bigger plans I had for this year was to share more of my research as it is right now, instead of waiting for the research to be ‘done’. (When is it ever, really?) Joining WikiTree, as well as the level-up challenge helped me immensely with writing up what I have.

Biographical sketches I published this year:

Klaas Versloot (1855 – 1890)

Dirkje van der Vlist (1858 – 1908)

Archive visits

Due to Covid-19 restrictions, I have only been able to go to the National Archive once. I am happy with the research I got done there, even though most of the results were negative.

In the course of my research this year, which focused mainly on one ancestral line with the level-up challenge, I have quite a list of records I need to view in person. Due to focusing on one ancestral line the past year, most of these records are grouped in relatively few archives. This will make it easier (and more efficient) to go to an archive when that’s possible.

Looking Ahead

There’s quite a lot here that I want to keep doing next year. Look for tomorrow’s post to read about my genealogical goals for 2022.

FAN Strategy Adapted

Most genealogy researchers will eventually come across the FAN Strategy. If you’re not familiar with it yet, the very short explanation is that when hitting a brick wall when researching ancestors, the next step is to look at friends, associates and neighbors. If you want to know more, I’ve included two sources in the source list with more information. Even if you didn’t know you were doing it, I am willing to bet that most, if not all, researchers have used this strategy. Especially when researching people who left little traces in records, like women, we are often researching the people around them to learn more about them.

What I find interesting is that there are several specific types of genealogical research questions that benefit from a (slightly adapted) FAN principle. Finding the father of an illegitimate child or the parents of a foundling is often times thought to be impossible. Researching enslaved ancestors is also not an easy thing, but the FAN principle might be able to help here as well.

Finding the father of an illegitimate child might seem impossible, for he often isn’t recorded on the birth certificate. However, church records might give an answer where the civil registration doesn’t. However, even if no direct evidence can be found, there are plenty of research avenues still to explore. Yvette Hoitink has written a how to guide to finding the father of an illegitimate child. What I notice is that the strategies Yvette discusses are really similar to the FAN principle. Taking into account the mother of the child and who she associates with help to identify possible fathers. You might never get a definitive answer, but you can certainly get close with a little luck and a lot of perseverance.

Neighbours in a street (Portemonnaie) in Gouda, all part of each other’s FAN club.

Another adapted FAN strategy can be done to research foundlings. There was an article in Gen.magazine 2020-2 about finding the probable mother of a foundling in Amsterdam. Again, luck and perseverance do play a part. But it also took researching all possible children that could be this foundling, and then taking a look at the mothers. Which ones, given their circumstances, were likely candidates for giving up their child? Again, you’re not just researching the foundling, but also (probable) family, in this case the mother. And just like with the FAN principle, you’re expanding the circle, casting a wide net and then narrowing your focus again once you find a lead.

The last type of research question is of a very different kind. It is not so much a seemingly dead end in the paper trail, as it is a type of genealogical research to find ancestors that were systematically treated as property instead of people. Aside from the horribleness of those actions, looking at it from a record standpoint, it makes looking for enslaved ancestors difficult, as they often were either not mentioned by name, or only first name. This makes tracing these ancestors extremely difficult. One of the strategies to tracing those ancestors is to also trace the slave holders. This is basically the FAN principle, albeit with a darker connotation than we usually see. It is often in the papers of the slave holders and their FAN club that the best and sometimes most personal clues to enslaved ancestors can be found.

I have mentioned all of these types of genealogical research questions to show that the FAN principle, when broadly interpreted, is a really versatile research strategy. Aside from these types of genealogical problems, I also often use the FAN strategy when I am trying to add details to a biography. A family member (or non-family member) living in the household for a time, what’s the story behind that? I can often find out by looking at that person’s life. Sometimes I find clues as to who someone’s boss was, or I look at the town and figure out where they could have worked. Looking into that can fill in some details of a life that left little other traces. That firmly falls into the FAN principle, if a bit broader in application. If you haven’t tried this type of research yet, I encourage you to dig out a thorny problem or a brick wall and try it out. It takes time and effort, I won’t lie. However, you’ll be amazed at what you can find when looking at the FAN club.

Sources:

Elizabeth Shown Mills, “QuickLesson 11: Identity Problems & the FAN Principle,” Evidence Explained: Historical Analysis, Citation & Source Usage (https://www.evidenceexplained.com/content/quicklesson-11-identity-problems-fan-principle : 17 October 2021).


Yvette Hoitink, “How to find the father of an illegitimate child,” Dutch Genealogy (https://www.dutchgenealogy.nl/how-to-find-the-father-of-an-illegitimate-child/: 17 October 2021).

Groen, Lonneke and Snel, Harmen. “De vondeling gevonden.” Gen.magazine 2020-2 (June 2020)

Picture source:

Portemonnaie (street) in Gouda, circa 1900-1920; Collection “Foto’s en prentbriefkaarten”, inventory number 0440.12246, Streekarchief Hollands-Midden in Gouda. Image is in the public domain.

State of the Levels October 2021

Back in August I started my own level-up challenge. At the moment, I’m trying to get as far as I can using only online sources. I’m focusing on my great-grandmother Ariana Versloot and her ancestors.

Progress

When I started, generation 1 (Adriana Versloot) and generation 2 were stuck at level 2, because I need population registers that aren’t online. I was working on generation 3, where I had taken the research into #36 (Klaas Versloot) as far as I could online, and was stuck on level 3.

State of the levels August 2021

Since then, I have researched the rest of generation 3, who are all stuck on level 2. I’m not quite done with the online research into #38 (Teunis Huurman) and #39 (Adriana van der Starre), but already I know I will not be able to take them to level 3 without in-person research, as several population register I need aren’t online.

The research into generation 3 has also brought all of generation 4 to level 1, as I now know all of their names. There is one exception: #78, the father of #39 (Adriana van der Starre). He’s unknown because Adriana’s mother was unmarried at the time of her birth. I am going to try and see if I cannot uncover his identity, but that will definitely need records that won’t be online.

State of the levels October 2021

More than just a level

The fact that most of my ancestors that I’ve researched in this branch of my family tree are stuck at level 2, doesn’t mean that I only have a few bits of information about them. I have found many sources online that fit into level 3 and 4 research, and for most of them I’ve already written everything I have down into a biographical sketch as well. For some ancestors, just one missing record online is the difference between being at level 2 or at level 4.

Next Steps

I’m going to keep working on this branch of my family tree, finishing up my online research into generation 3 and starting on generation 4. I quite like the focus the levels give my research.

Book Review: Gouden Jaren

Gouden jaren: hoe ons dagelijks leven in een halve eeuw onvoorstelbaar is veranderd [Golden years: how our daily lives changed unimaginable in half a century] by Annegreet van Bergen is a book about daily life and how it has changed since World War Two. For those living through the second half of the last century it will have many recognizable things of old in it. For those with a slightly later birth year, it’s a very good resource into an era they can’t even imagine anymore. One where household appliances were just starting to enter the home. An era without the instant communication we have now.

This book goes through such a lot of subjects: basic needs (like food and housing), education and child rearing, communication and information, mobility (think cars and flying), health care, comfort and quality (like disposables and garbage), work and leisure. Reading through it brings into sharp contrast the difference between our lives and that of our more recent ancestors. My grandparents’ lives were so different than mine is. It brings some things into focus. I found it particularly helpful to help imagine the lives of my female ancestors after World War Two. They are women that left few records but lived rich lives. This book gave me a glimpse into their world.

The book reads very easily. It is well written and has a familiar tone, as if the author is telling the story at the kitchen table. I highly recommend it.

Book Review: Trespassers in Time

Trespassers in Time: Genealogists and Microhistorians by Anne Patterson Rodda is a book that you need to read at the right time. I read it several years ago, when I hadn’t been involved in genealogy for long. I wasn’t very impressed with it back then. I found it too theoretical. It wasn’t what I had expected, which was a sort-of how to guide into using less common sources to reconstruct ancestors’ lives. It is not that at all.

Instead, it is a treatise on reconstructing history on a smaller scale. Political, economic or social history on a small scale – for a family, a small town, or a profession. It is not, directly, useful for a genealogist. I recently reread the book and found the examples shown in this book are far more useful for the family historian trying to write a family history than the genealogist trying to find more information about an ancestor. I liked reading this book far more the second time around, now that I am writing up my family history as well as researching it. It gives me great ideas and examples on how to find out and ultimately write more about the context in which my ancestors lived, instead of simply reciting the bare facts of their lives. Microhistory gives me the opportunity to write more about an ancestor’s life in the larger context of their time. I think it will become especially helpful for those ancestors who left little more traces than their vital data. I recommend the book, but with the caveat that the three example chapters are the good part and that it needs to be read when you’re ready to move beyond fact finding about ancestors.

Seeking Ships and Their Passengers

With a marine as an ancestor, it is not strange for me to research ships. Salomon Mulder spent time on different ships and just like I would do research into where someone lived, I do research into these ships. I want to get an image of the ship, some knowledge of the journey Salomon took. I use the site of the Dutch Institute of Military History and their image bank a lot, as well as the information about members of the military at the National Archive. But sometimes, a very obvious source eludes you because you just don’t think to look for it.

The MS “Boissevain” departs, 26 maart 1946

That is exactly why I love reading genealogy articles, as sometimes they spark ideas for sources I hadn’t looked for yet, despite the subject not being (exactly) the same as what I am researching myself. In September of 2020, there was an article in Gen.magazine, a publication of CBG, Centrum voor familiegeschiedenis (CBG, Centre for Family History), about Pieter van Roon. Pieter sailed with the Holland-America Line (HAL) and the article used the ship’s journals of the HAL that can be found in the Rotterdam City Archives. It gave some wonderful details about the trips Pieter made. In fact, the whole article is great, so I highly recommend reading it.

The article also sparked the idea in me to look for ship’s journals to military ships. I took a guess and looked in the National Archives first, and hit a gold mine. They hold the ships journals from 1813-1995 from the Royal Marines. The same collection also holds journals of some of the bases, which was an unexpected bonus. The only downside is that they are not digital, so I will have to wait until I can visit the archive to actually take a look at them.

Another helpful hint was given in a separate box at the end of the article. It mentioned some research guides from the National Maritime Museum. Even though I didn’t expect it to help me with research marine ships, I did still take a look. And not only do they have research hints for marine ships and personnel in there, they actually hold some of the material themselves. I honestly wouldn’t have thought about the National Maritime Museum, though it seems obvious in retrospect, mainly because I figured they’d only have materials about civilian ships. It once again shows how careful you need to be about assumptions, not just in the family tree, but also about sources and what can and cannot be useful. This one article gave me some new avenues of research for Salomon Mulder, and any other seafaring ancestors I might find in my family tree. It left me really curious as to what I might find in the ship’s journals and with another museum to add to my list of museums to visit. 

Sites mentioned:

Dutch Institute of Military History: https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/militaire-geschiedenis-nimh

Image bank Department of Defense: https://nimh-beeldbank.defensie.nl/

National Archive, collection with ship journals of marine ships: https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/en/research/archive/2.12.03

Centre for Family History: https://cbg.nl/

Rotterdam City Archives: https://stadsarchief.rotterdam.nl/

Sources:

van der Plicht, Elias. “Lonkende golven, Pieter van Roon en de grote vaart.” Gen.magazine 2020-3 (September 2020)

Picture source:

Nationaal Archief (www.nationaalarchief.nl), Den Haag. CC0. Image can be found here.